Cocoa beans are obtained by manually collecting ripe pods, extracting, fermenting, and drying the seeds. Harvesting is done by hand as pods ripen at different times. Pods are opened and ideally fermented the same day to avoid damaging the grains, which could lead to insect infection.
Fermentation time varies by cocoa type: Forastero (most common, needs longest fermentation), Criollo (subtle, fruity, used for chocolate), and Trinitario (hybrid).
During fermentation, pulp is critical for yeasts and bacteria, and the process is applied to banana leaves to obtain aroma precursors. Beans are dried to reduce humidity below 8%, either traditionally in the sun or artificially for smoked aromas, then packed and sent for processing.